The engineer did not look up from the calibration dial. He spoke with the flat certainty of someone who has spent watching steel parts move against gelatin. He knew that the physical limits of the machine were not suggestions. They were the law of the floor.
A size 0 capsule has a volume of 0.68 milliliters. This small plastic-like cylinder is the standard of the industry. It fits comfortably in the human throat. It moves through high-speed bottling lines without jamming. It is the invisible architect of almost every health promise you have ever bought.
The formulator standing next to the machine held a clipboard with a list of ingredients. She had three different botanical extracts and a handful of minerals to pack into that 0.68 milliliter space. The research papers on her desk suggested higher amounts for efficacy. The machine, however, had already voted.
01
The Geometry of a Compromise
Most people assume that the dose on the label is the result of a scientific consensus. They believe that a team of researchers found the perfect milligram count for human health. In reality, the dose is often the result
